flat n. 1.〔英罕〕地板;(房屋的)一層。 2.一套房間;〔pl.〕分宅公寓〔美國(guó)高級(jí)公寓叫 apartment house〕。 3.(輪船的)平臺(tái),甲板。 -let 〔英國(guó)〕小套間。 adj. (flatter; flattest) 1.平的,平坦的,扁平的。 2.淺的。 3.伸平的,平展的。 4.(圖畫(huà)等)平板的;(顏色等)單調(diào)的,不鮮明的;【攝影】無(wú)深淺反差的。 5.意氣消沉的,無(wú)精打采的,單調(diào)的,無(wú)聊的;〔美俚〕沒(méi)有錢(qián)的,不名一文的。 6.(啤酒等)走了氣的。 7.(市面)呆滯的,蕭條的,不景氣的;(價(jià)錢(qián))無(wú)漲落的。 8.淡然的;直率的,直截了當(dāng)?shù)摹?9.【音樂(lè)】降音的,降音號(hào)的。 10.【語(yǔ)言學(xué)】平舌的;濁音的,帶聲的 (opp. sharp) 【語(yǔ)法】無(wú)語(yǔ)尾變化的。 11.(風(fēng)帆)繃緊的。 12.【軍事】(彈道等)低平的。 crops flat after a storm 暴風(fēng)雨后莊稼倒伏。 knock flat 把人打倒在地。 a flat price (各種商品)一樣的價(jià)格。 a flat rate of 3% 一律百分之三。 feel flat 感覺(jué)無(wú)聊。 a flat lie 彌天大謊。 The market is flat. 市面蕭條。 Prices are flat. 物價(jià)平平。 a flat denial 斷然否認(rèn)[拒絕]。 become flat 泄氣。 lay a city flat 把城市夷為平地。 That's flat . 當(dāng)然;絕對(duì)這樣。 adv. 1.匍匐地,平直地。 2.完全地;斷然地,干脆地,直截了當(dāng)?shù)亍?3.恰恰,正好。 4.【金融】無(wú)(利)息地。 tell sb. flat 明白地告訴某人。 flat and plain 簡(jiǎn)單明了,直截了當(dāng)。 ten dollars flat 拾元整。 flat aback 嚇了一跳。 the bond are sold flat 公債無(wú)息出售。 be flat broke 完全破產(chǎn)。 fall flat 跌倒;完全失敗;全無(wú)效果,全無(wú)好評(píng) (fall flat on the audience 毫不動(dòng)人)。 n. 1.平面;平面圖;坪,平地;淺灘,低濕平地。 2.平坦部分;扁平的東西;平底船;平底籃。 3.〔俚語(yǔ)〕(容易受騙的)傻子,蠢漢;泄氣輪胎。 4.【音樂(lè)】降半音,降音號(hào)[b] 【建筑】平頂;【機(jī)械工程】臺(tái)面;【戲劇】背景屏。 (draw) from the flat 按照?qǐng)D樣(描摹) (opp. from the round 按照實(shí)物)。 in the flat 在紙上;平面圖的 (opp. in the round, in relief)。 join the flats 使(故事等)首尾呼應(yīng);裝出始終如一的樣子。 on the flat = in the flat. vt. (-tt-) 1.使平;使降音。 2.使(圖畫(huà)等)平淡。 3.〔美國(guó)〕丟棄(戀人)。 vi. 1.變平,變平淡。 2.【音樂(lè)】降音。 flat out 〔美國(guó)〕漸??;打錯(cuò)主意,終無(wú)結(jié)果,虎頭蛇尾。
cell n. 1.小室,單室;隔間,艙;〔詩(shī)〕茅舍;(單個(gè)的)蜂窩,蜂房。 2.〔詩(shī)〕墓穴,墓。 3.(大修道院附屬的)小修道院。 4.單人牢房。 5.【生物學(xué)】細(xì)胞;【電學(xué)】電池;元件;【建筑】(天花板的)方格板;隔板;【航空】機(jī)翼構(gòu)架;【原子能】晶格,晶胞;【計(jì)算機(jī)】單元,元件;【植物;植物學(xué)】花粉囊;藥室;(氣球等的)氣囊;【氣象學(xué)】單體,環(huán)型。 6.基層組織,小組。 7.管,盒,槽。 a queen [royal] cell(養(yǎng)蜂)王臺(tái)。 the phase cell【統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)】相格。 a secondary cell蓄電池。 a photosensitive cell【無(wú)線(xiàn)電】光電管。 a rectifier cell【無(wú)線(xiàn)電】整流片。 the narrow cell 墓。
Section two the evaluation of biocompatibility of the acellular dermal matrix by the method of cell culture . the new born rat ' s epdermic cells were cultured with the acellular dermal matrix together as experiment group , while the epdermic cell were cultured simply as control . 24 hours later , under the invert microscope , the epidermic cells anchored well and transparent flat cells were observed in both groups . 7 days later , both cultured cells were taked out and fixed in 95 % ethanol , stained with hematoxylin and were observed under light microscope . many cleaved cells were observed in both groups . during cell culture , no pathogenic microganism was observed . so we considered the acellular dermal matrix was aseptic and had good biocompatibility . section three subdermal implantation of the acellular dermal matrix . 24 rats were used in the experiments . a piece of acellular dermal matrix ( 1 . 5 x 1 . 5cm2 ) was implanted beneath the dorsum skin flaps of each rat , 1 week , 2 weeks , 3 weeks and 4 weeks after implantation , 6 pieces of acellular dermal matrix were harvested and the size of implanted acellular dermal matrix were measured , the sections were used for he staining and observed under light microscope . the result were as folio wing : 1 - 2 weeks after implantation , the acellular dermal matrix began to adhere to the tissue around and turned red gradually ; 3 - 4weeks after implantation , the acellular dermal matrix adhered closely to the tissue around and could be recognized easily , 1 - 3 weeks after implantation , the size of implanted acellular dermal matrix had no statistical difference ( p > 0 . 05 ) . 4 weeks after implantation implanted acellular dermal matrix contracted ( p < 0 . 05 ) . under light microscope , l - 2weeks after implantation , the fibroblast cells infiltrated the acellular dermal matrix and a small amount endothelial cells of vessel and lympho - histiocytic cells infiltrated the acellular dermal matrix . 3 - 4 weeks after implantation , infiltrating blood vessels were evident . so we think that the acellular dermal matrix had low immunological reactions and could induce the infiltration of fibroblast macrophage cell and the endothelial cells of vessel 結(jié)果如下:皮下包埋卜周者,無(wú)細(xì)胞真皮基質(zhì)漸與周?chē)M織粘附,顏色由蒼白轉(zhuǎn)紅;皮下包埋3周者,無(wú)細(xì)胞真皮基質(zhì)與周?chē)M織緊密枯附,盾晰葉辯;術(shù)后卜周,包埋的基質(zhì)面積變化較包埋前無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異o川0引,術(shù)后4周包埋的無(wú)細(xì)胞真皮基質(zhì)面積較包埋前縮小j刃刀5 ) 。光鏡下術(shù)后卜周,宿主的淋巳組織細(xì)胞、成纖維細(xì)胞浸入生長(zhǎng),釉附在膠原纖維上,少量血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞浸入基質(zhì);術(shù)后34周,無(wú)細(xì)胞真皮基質(zhì)內(nèi)較多的血管形成,故可認(rèn)為無(wú)細(xì)胞真皮基質(zhì)免疫原性低,能誘導(dǎo)宿主的成纖維細(xì)胞、巨噬細(xì)胞浸入生長(zhǎng),為一種新型的真皮替代物。第四部分無(wú)細(xì)胞真皮基質(zhì)與自體斷層皮片復(fù)合移棺的研究, sd大鼠10只,在其背部卜方造成全厚皮膚缺損的創(chuàng)面